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systems geology
Systems geology emphasizes the nature of geology as a system – that is, as a set of interacting parts that function as a whole.〔
〕 The systems approach involves study of the linkages or interfaces between the component objects and processes at all levels of detail in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the solid Earth. A long-term objective is to provide computational support throughout the cycles of investigation, integrating observation and experiment with modeling and theory, each reinforcing the other. The overall complexity suggests that systems geology must be based on the wider emerging cyberinfrastructure, and should aim to harmonize geological information with Earth system science within the context of the e-science vision of a comprehensive global knowledge system (see Linked Data, Semantic Web). A systems framework could support a store of knowledge (in a network structure analogous to human memory) from which information could be linked and communicated in many ways, as proposed by Vannevar Bush in 1945.〔Dr. Bush, Vannevar. 1945. (''As we may think'' ). ''The Atlantic Monthly'' July, 1945.〕 This would have benefits on evaluation and publication procedures.〔Hey, T., Tansley, S., Tolle, K., (editors), 2009. ''The Fourth Paradigm: Data-intensive scientific discovery''. Microsoft Research. ISBN 0982544200 ()〕
==Background==
Systems geology can be seen as an integral part of the science of earth systems, "encompassing all components of the Earth system – air, life, rock and water – to gain a new and more comprehensive understanding of the world as we know it".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.eas.cornell.edu/eas/academics/undergraduate/earth_systems/index.cfm )〕 Much of the background was set out in ''Solid-Earth Science and Society'' in 1993.〔National Research Council, 1993. ''Solid-Earth Science and Society''. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 346pp.〕 Since then, considerable progress has resulted from large investments in geoinformatics by the US National Science Foundation ((NSF) ) and the European Commission ((EC) ), much of it implemented on their high-level computing networks.〔Keller, G.R., Baru, C. (editors), 2011. ''Geoinformatics; Cyberinfrastructure for the Solid Earth Sciences'', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-89715-0〕 The concepts of Earth Systems are reflected in the teaching of geology.〔Hamblin, W.K., Christiansen. E.H., ''Earth’s Dynamic Systems'' ((Web Edition 1.0) ), 2003. Pearson Education/Prentice Hall.〕 Nevertheless, geology has unique aspects that justify consideration of systems geology as a distinct subsystem. These include the availability of detailed world-wide geological mapping and stratigraphical classification, and the rapidly growing understanding of Earth history in terms of past configurations of geological objects and processes.
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